Journal: Bibliotheca Sacra
Volume: BSAC 177:705 (Jan 2020)
Article: The Triumph Of Irony In 1 Samuel 4: A Story Of Divine Providence
Author: Seong-Kwang Kevin Kim

BSac 177:705 (January-March 2020) p. 40

The Triumph Of Irony In 1 Samuel 4: A Story Of Divine Providence

Seong-Kwang (Kevin) Kim

Seong-Kwang (Kevin) Kim is Minister of Pastoral Training at Jesus’ Vision Church, Seoul, South Korea.

Abstract

Outwardly, 1 Samuel 4 is about the ark. Neither YHWH nor Samuel appears as an actor in the chapter, and the reader might question their absence. However, ironic features in the chapter do point to YHWH’s providence and constant presence with Israel. Though the Elide dynasty meets its tragic end and Israel suffers defeat, YHWH is working behind the scenes to fulfill his gracious plan for his people.

Introduction

First Samuel 4 focuses on two themes: the destruction of the entire house of Eli as the fulfillment of divine judgment (2:27–36) and Israel’s shock and despair at the loss of the ark of God. From a human perspective, the story relates Israel’s tragedy and absolute failure without YHWH. However, from God’s point of view, it reveals God’s providence and constant presence with Israel. Oddly, neither YHWH nor Samuel acts or speaks in chapter 4, except in 4:1. The name Samuel appears frequently in chapters 1–3 (1:20; 2:18, 21, 26; 3:1, 3, 4, 6 [x2], 7, 8, 9 [x2], 10 [x3], 11, 15 [x2], 16 [x2], 18, 19, 20, 21; 4:1). YHWH also appears as an actor in chapters 1–3 (1:5, 6, 19, 27; You must have a subscription and be logged in to read the entire article.
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