Journal: Journal of Ministry and Theology
Volume: JMAT 26:2 (Fall 2022)
Article: An Examination Of Different Interpretive Approaches To False Prophecy In Jeremiah
Author: Joel Thomas

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An Examination Of Different Interpretive Approaches To False Prophecy In Jeremiah

Joel Thomas1

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to identify the criteria different biblical scholars use to determine true versus false prophecy. This article will examine six different approaches. The first approach examined is the historical critical method. The second, third, and fourth approaches examined are the canonical approaches of Brevard Childs, James A. Sanders, and James E. Brenneman respectively. The fifth approach examined is the socio-scientific approach. The last approach examined is the contextual approach. Jeremiah 28 is used as a test case for how each approach attempts to identify true and false prophecy. It is the argument of this study that antecedent revelation available to the prophet’s audience is key to the identification of the criteria for determining true versus false prophecy and that this is only possible using the context method.

Keywords: Canon, Prophecy, False Prophecy, Historical Critical, Jeremiah, Deuteronomy

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Introduction

The purpose of this article is to identify the criteria different biblical scholars use to determine true verses false prophecy. This is an incredibly important issue because it bears on the ability of people to be able discern truth versus falsehood, specifically how an audience can know that a prophetic message is from God. Sheppard eloquently summarizes the significance of the topic when he states, “Discerning true from false prophecy is presented in

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scripture as a matter of life and death. It lies at the heart of any claim of divine revelation within Judaism and Christianity.”2

Before moving on to the identification of criteria for distinguishing true versus false prophecy, it important to define prophecy. Overholt defines the core concept of a prophet as being a religious intermediary who mediates messages between humans and deities.3 This definition is a good starting point and clearly defines what a prophet does. On the other hand, the definition does not really help determine if/how it would be possible for the original audience who heard the prophecy to discern true from false prophecy.

This study will proceed in the following manner. First, this study will survey six different approaches that attempt to define criteria for discerning true from false prophecy. Jeremiah 28 will be ...